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# Linux Static IP Configurator
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Ein kleines Bash-Script zum interaktiven Setzen einer statischen IPv4-Adresse unter Linux.
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Unterstützt werden:
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- NetworkManager (`nmcli`)
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- Netplan
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- Ubuntu Desktop
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- Ubuntu Server
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- viele aktuelle Debian-/Ubuntu-basierte Systeme mit NetworkManager oder Netplan
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> Das Script verändert die Netzwerkkonfiguration des Systems. Bei einer SSH-Verbindung kann die Verbindung abbrechen, sobald die neue IP-Adresse aktiviert wird.
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## Dateien
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```text
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set-static-ip.sh
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README.md
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```
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## Installation
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Repository klonen oder die Datei `set-static-ip.sh` herunterladen.
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Danach das Script ausführbar machen:
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```bash
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chmod +x set-static-ip.sh
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```
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## Verwendung
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Das Script benötigt Root-Rechte:
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```bash
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sudo ./set-static-ip.sh
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```
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Danach:
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1. Netzwerkinterface auswählen, zum Beispiel `ens18`, `enp1s0` oder `eth0`
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2. gewünschte IPv4-Adresse eingeben
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3. CIDR-Präfix eingeben
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4. Standard-Gateway eingeben
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5. DNS-Server eingeben
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6. Konfiguration bestätigen
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Beispiel:
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```text
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IPv4-Adresse: 10.100.0.20
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CIDR-Präfix: 24
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Gateway: 10.100.0.1
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DNS: 10.100.0.10 1.1.1.1
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```
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Das entspricht:
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```text
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10.100.0.20/24
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```
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## NetworkManager
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Wenn `nmcli` vorhanden und NetworkManager aktiv ist, verwendet das Script die vorhandene Verbindung des ausgewählten Netzwerkinterfaces.
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Falls keine passende Verbindung existiert, wird automatisch eine neue Verbindung angelegt.
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Vor der Änderung wird nach Möglichkeit ein Backup unter folgendem Pfad erstellt:
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```text
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/root/network-backup-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS/
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```
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## Netplan
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Wenn Netplan verwendet wird, erstellt das Script:
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```text
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/etc/netplan/99-static-ip.yaml
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```
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Vorhandene Netplan-Dateien werden vorher gesichert:
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```text
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/root/netplan-backup-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS/
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```
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Anschließend werden ausgeführt:
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```bash
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netplan generate
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netplan apply
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```
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## Aktuelle IP prüfen
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```bash
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ip addr
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```
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oder nur IPv4:
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```bash
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ip -4 addr
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```
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Routing prüfen:
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```bash
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ip route
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```
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## Hinweis zu IP-Konflikten
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Bevor eine statische IP vergeben wird, sollte geprüft werden, ob die Adresse bereits von einem anderen Gerät benutzt wird.
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Beispiel:
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```bash
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ping 10.100.0.20
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```
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Zusätzlich kann die ARP-/Neighbor-Tabelle geprüft werden:
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```bash
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ip neigh
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```
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Am besten wird eine statische Adresse verwendet, die:
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- außerhalb des DHCP-Pools liegt, oder
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- im DHCP-Server ausdrücklich für dieses Gerät reserviert wurde.
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Dadurch werden doppelte IP-Adressen im Netzwerk vermieden.
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## Unterstützte Systeme
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Das Script ist hauptsächlich für aktuelle Linux-Systeme gedacht, die eines dieser Netzwerk-Backends verwenden:
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```text
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NetworkManager
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Netplan
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```
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Klassische Debian-Systeme, die ausschließlich `/etc/network/interfaces` verwenden, werden aktuell nicht automatisch konfiguriert.
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## Lizenz
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Du kannst das Script für eigene Projekte frei verwenden und anpassen.
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@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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set -euo pipefail
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# Linux Static IP Configurator
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# Supports:
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# - NetworkManager (nmcli)
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# - Netplan
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#
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# Run as root:
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# sudo ./set-static-ip.sh
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if [[ "${EUID}" -ne 0 ]]; then
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echo "Dieses Script muss als root ausgeführt werden."
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echo "Bitte nutze: sudo $0"
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exit 1
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fi
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command_exists() {
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command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
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}
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pause() {
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echo
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read -r -p "Drücke Enter, um fortzufahren..."
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}
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get_interfaces() {
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ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '{print $2}' | grep -v '^lo$'
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}
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select_interface() {
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echo "Verfügbare Netzwerkinterfaces:"
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echo
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mapfile -t interfaces < <(get_interfaces)
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if [[ "${#interfaces[@]}" -eq 0 ]]; then
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echo "Keine Netzwerkinterfaces gefunden."
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exit 1
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fi
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for i in "${!interfaces[@]}"; do
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state=$(cat "/sys/class/net/${interfaces[$i]}/operstate" 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
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echo " $((i + 1))) ${interfaces[$i]} [$state]"
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done
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echo
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while true; do
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read -r -p "Interface auswählen [1-${#interfaces[@]}]: " choice
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if [[ "$choice" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] &&
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(( choice >= 1 && choice <= ${#interfaces[@]} )); then
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INTERFACE="${interfaces[$((choice - 1))]}"
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break
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fi
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echo "Ungültige Auswahl."
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done
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}
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validate_ipv4() {
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local ip="$1"
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local IFS=.
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local -a octets
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read -ra octets <<< "$ip"
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[[ "${#octets[@]}" -eq 4 ]] || return 1
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for octet in "${octets[@]}"; do
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[[ "$octet" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || return 1
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(( octet >= 0 && octet <= 255 )) || return 1
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done
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return 0
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}
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validate_cidr() {
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local cidr="$1"
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[[ "$cidr" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && (( cidr >= 0 && cidr <= 32 ))
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}
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ask_network_data() {
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echo
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echo "Statische IPv4-Konfiguration"
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echo "----------------------------"
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while true; do
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read -r -p "IPv4-Adresse (z.B. 192.168.1.50): " IP_ADDRESS
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validate_ipv4 "$IP_ADDRESS" && break
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echo "Ungültige IPv4-Adresse."
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done
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while true; do
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read -r -p "CIDR-Präfix (z.B. 24): " PREFIX
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validate_cidr "$PREFIX" && break
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echo "Ungültiges CIDR-Präfix."
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done
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while true; do
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read -r -p "Gateway (z.B. 192.168.1.1): " GATEWAY
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validate_ipv4 "$GATEWAY" && break
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echo "Ungültiges Gateway."
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done
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read -r -p "DNS-Server, mit Leerzeichen getrennt [1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8]: " DNS_INPUT
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DNS_INPUT="${DNS_INPUT:-1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8}"
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DNS_SERVERS=()
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for dns in $DNS_INPUT; do
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if ! validate_ipv4 "$dns"; then
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echo "Ungültiger DNS-Server: $dns"
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exit 1
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fi
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DNS_SERVERS+=("$dns")
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done
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echo
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echo "Gewählte Konfiguration:"
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echo " Interface : $INTERFACE"
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echo " IP-Adresse: $IP_ADDRESS/$PREFIX"
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echo " Gateway : $GATEWAY"
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echo " DNS : ${DNS_SERVERS[*]}"
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echo
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read -r -p "Konfiguration anwenden? [j/N]: " confirm
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case "${confirm,,}" in
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j|ja|y|yes)
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;;
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*)
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echo "Abgebrochen."
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exit 0
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;;
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esac
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}
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configure_networkmanager() {
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echo
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echo "NetworkManager erkannt."
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local connection
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connection=$(nmcli -t -f NAME,DEVICE connection show --active \
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| awk -F: -v iface="$INTERFACE" '$2 == iface {print $1; exit}')
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if [[ -z "$connection" ]]; then
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connection=$(nmcli -t -f NAME,DEVICE connection show \
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| awk -F: -v iface="$INTERFACE" '$2 == iface {print $1; exit}')
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fi
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if [[ -z "$connection" ]]; then
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connection="static-$INTERFACE"
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echo "Keine bestehende Verbindung gefunden."
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echo "Erstelle NetworkManager-Verbindung: $connection"
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nmcli connection add \
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type ethernet \
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ifname "$INTERFACE" \
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con-name "$connection"
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else
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echo "Verwende Verbindung: $connection"
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fi
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local backup_dir="/root/network-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
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mkdir -p "$backup_dir"
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if [[ -d /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections ]]; then
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cp -a /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections "$backup_dir/" 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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echo "Backup: $backup_dir"
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local dns_csv
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dns_csv=$(IFS=,; echo "${DNS_SERVERS[*]}")
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nmcli connection modify "$connection" \
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ipv4.method manual \
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ipv4.addresses "$IP_ADDRESS/$PREFIX" \
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ipv4.gateway "$GATEWAY" \
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ipv4.dns "$dns_csv" \
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ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
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nmcli connection up "$connection"
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echo
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echo "Statische IP wurde mit NetworkManager gesetzt."
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}
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configure_netplan() {
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echo
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echo "Netplan erkannt."
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local backup_dir="/root/netplan-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
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mkdir -p "$backup_dir"
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cp -a /etc/netplan/. "$backup_dir/" 2>/dev/null || true
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echo "Backup: $backup_dir"
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local config_file="/etc/netplan/99-static-ip.yaml"
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local dns_yaml=""
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for dns in "${DNS_SERVERS[@]}"; do
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if [[ -n "$dns_yaml" ]]; then
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dns_yaml+=", "
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fi
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dns_yaml+="$dns"
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done
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cat > "$config_file" <<EOF
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network:
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version: 2
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ethernets:
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$INTERFACE:
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dhcp4: false
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addresses:
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- $IP_ADDRESS/$PREFIX
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routes:
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- to: default
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via: $GATEWAY
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nameservers:
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addresses: [$dns_yaml]
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EOF
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chmod 600 "$config_file"
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echo
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echo "Netplan-Datei erstellt:"
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echo " $config_file"
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echo
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echo "Teste die Konfiguration..."
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if command_exists netplan; then
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netplan generate
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echo
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echo "WICHTIG:"
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echo "Bei einer SSH-Verbindung kann die Verbindung nach dem Anwenden abbrechen."
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echo
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netplan apply
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else
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echo "Fehler: netplan-Befehl wurde nicht gefunden."
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exit 1
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fi
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echo
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echo "Statische IP wurde mit Netplan gesetzt."
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}
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show_result() {
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echo
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echo "Aktuelle Adressen auf $INTERFACE:"
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ip -4 addr show dev "$INTERFACE" || true
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echo
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echo "Routing:"
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ip route || true
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echo
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echo "Fertig."
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}
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clear
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echo "====================================="
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echo " Linux Static IP Configurator"
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echo "====================================="
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echo
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select_interface
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ask_network_data
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if command_exists nmcli && nmcli general status >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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configure_networkmanager
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elif [[ -d /etc/netplan ]] && compgen -G "/etc/netplan/*.yaml" >/dev/null; then
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configure_netplan
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elif [[ -d /etc/netplan ]] && command_exists netplan; then
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configure_netplan
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else
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echo
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echo "Kein unterstütztes Netzwerk-Backend erkannt."
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echo
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echo "Unterstützt werden:"
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echo " - NetworkManager / nmcli"
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echo " - Netplan"
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echo
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echo "Bei Debian mit /etc/network/interfaces ist eine manuelle"
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echo "Konfiguration erforderlich."
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exit 1
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fi
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show_result
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user